C++ Primer 5th笔记(chap 12)动态内存 allocator类教程
1. 标准库allocator类及其算法
算法说明allocator <.T> a定义了一个名为a的allocator对象,他可以为类型T的对象分配内存a.allocate(n)分配一段原始的、未构造的内存,保存n个类型为T的对象a.deallocate(n)释放从T*指针p中地址开始的内存,这块内存保存了n个类型为T的对象;p必须是一个先前由allocator返回的指针,且n必须是p创建时所要求的大小。调用dealocator之前,用户必须对每个在这块内存中创建的对象调用destroya.construct(p,args)p必须是一个类型为T*的指针,指向一块原始内存;arg被传递给类型为T的构造函数,用来在p指向的内存中构造一个对象a.destroy§p为T*类型的指针,此算法对p指向的对象执行析构函数
注意:
const size_t n = 100;
allocator<string> allocStr; // object that can allocate strings
auto p = allocStr.allocate(n); // allocate n unconstructed strings
//cout << *p << endl;
auto q = p; // q will point to one past the last constructed element
allocStr.construct(q++); // *q is the empty string
cout << *(q - 1) << endl;
allocStr.construct(q++, 10, 'c'); // *q is cccccccccc
cout << *(q - 1) << endl;
//allocStr.construct(q++, "hi"); // *q is hi!
//cout << *(q - 1) << endl;
int nCount = 0;
cout << *p << endl; // ok: uses the string output operator
while (q != p) {
nCount++;
allocStr.destroy(--q); // free the strings we actually allocated
}
cout << nCount << endl; // ok: uses the string output operator
allocStr.deallocate(p, n); // return the memory we allocated
p = allocStr.allocate(n); // allocate n unconstructed strings
string s;
q = p; // q points to the memory for first string
ifstream in("E:/temp/storyDataFile");
while (in >> s && q != p + n)
allocStr.construct(q++, s); // construct only as many strings as we need
size_t size = q - p; // remember how many strings we read
// use the array
cout << "read " << size << " strings" << endl;
for (q = p + size - 1; q != p; --q)
allocStr.destroy(q); // free the strings we allocated
allocStr.deallocate(p, n); // return the memory we allocated
in.close();
in.open("E:/temp/storyDataFile");
p = new string[n]; // construct n empty strings
q = p; // q points to the first string
while (in >> s && q != p + n)
*q++ = s; // assign a new value to *q
size = q - p; // remember how many strings we read
cout << "read " << size << " strings" << endl;
2. "copy和填充未初始化的内存"算法
算法说明uninitialized\_copy(b,e,b2)将迭代器b和e之间的输入,拷贝到迭代器b2指定的未构造的原始内存中,b2指向的内存必须足够大,能够容纳输入序列中元素的拷贝uninitialized\_copy\_n(b,n,b2)同上,从b开始拷贝n个元素到b2uninitialized\_fill(b,e,t)在迭代器b和e指定的原始内存范围中创建对象,对象的值,均为t的拷贝uninitialized\_fill\_n(b,n,t)从b指向的内存地址开始创建n个对象,b必须指向足够大的内存
使用示例:
vector<int> vi{ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 };
allocator<int> alloc;
// allocate twice as many elements as vi holds
auto p = alloc.allocate(vi.size() * 2);
// construct elements starting at p as copies of elements in vi
auto q = uninitialized_copy(vi.begin(), vi.end(), p);
// initialize the remaining elements to 42
uninitialized_fill_n(q, vi.size(), 42);
for (size_t i = 0; i != vi.size(); ++i)
cout << *(p + i) << " ";
cout << endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i != vi.size(); ++i)
cout << *(q + i) << " ";
cout << endl;
alloc.deallocate(p, vi.size());
retsult:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42